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A total of 473 patients of diabetic nephropathy (DN) with normal serum creatinine were recruited.Blood routine,blood lipids and urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) were measured.They were divided into microalbuminuria group (DN1,n =246 ) and macroalbuminuria group (DN2,n =227 ).The white blood cell (WBC) count,monocyte count and CRP significantly increased with the progression of DN in the DN2 group versus those in the DNI group [ (6.8 ± 1.7 ) × 109/L vs.(6.3 ± 1.5 ) × 109/L,(0.49±0.23) ×109/Lvs.(0.32 ±0.21) ×109/L,(4.1 ±1.1)mg/Lvs.(1.7±0.3) mg/L,all P＜ 0.05].According to multiple linear regression analysis,WBC,monocyte,low density lipoproteincholesterol and lymphocyte were found to be independent influencing factors for the elevation of UACR.
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Objective To investigate the effects of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2) gene a 45 bp insertion/deletion (Ins/Del) polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated (3'-UTR) of its exon 8 on macroangiopathy in diabetes mellitus.Methods A total of 182 patients were selected,80 cases with macroangiopathy( A group), 102 cases without macroangiopathy(B group) ,UCP-2 gene polymorphism was confirmed by electrophoresis after PCR with 3% agarose,then compared genotype and allele gene frequency. Results The 3'-UTR Ins/Del polymorphism of UCP-2 gene in A group ( II:6. 25% 、ID: 18. 75% 、DD:75.00% ) and B group( II:9. 80% 、ID:23.53%、 DD: 66. 67% ) had no significant difference ( P ＞ 0. 05 ), and there was also no difference of alleles frequencies in two groups ( I: 15.63 %、 D: 84. 37 % )and(I:21.57% 、D:78.43%)(P ＞0.05). Conclusion No relationship of the 3'-UTR a 45bp Ina/Del polymorphism in exon 8 of the UCP-2 gene was found with macroangiopathy in diabetes mellitus.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between serum transforming growth factor- β1(TGF- β1) levels and early diabetic nephropathy and clarify whether valsartan plays a role in renal protection by reducing the level of serum TGF-β1. Methods The study subjects were divided into four groups:control group (30 cases); normal albuminuria group 1 (NA1 group with 12 cases, U MA/Cr < 10 μg/mg combined with type 2 diabetes);normal albuminuria group 2 (NA2 group with 19 cases,UMA/Cr 10-30 μg/mg combined with type 2 diabetes); microalbuminuria group ( MA group with 35 cases, U MA/Cr 31-300 μg/mg combined with type 2 diabetes). All these type 2 diabetic patients were suffering from diabetic retinopathy, and valsartan ( 80 mg/d) were medicated for those combined with hypertension. The serum TGF-β1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in all subjects. Results Serum TGF- β1 levels in three diabetes groups were (7.41 ± 2.68 ), ( 10.52 ± 4.10), (22.98 ± 43.74) ng/L, respectively, all of which were higher than those in control group [(4.25 ± 5.82) ng/L] (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in serum TGF- β1 levels among MA group, NA2 group and NA1 group (P < 0.05 ). Serum TGF-β1 levels in NA1 group with valsartan treatment significantly decreased compared with those without valsartan treatment (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant reduction in NA2 and MA group with valsartan treatment (P > 0.05). Conclusions High serum TGF-β1 level may be associated with type 2 diabetes and early diabetic nephropathy. Early intervention of valsartan may be delay the onset and development of diabetic nephropathy by decreasing the serum TGF-β1 level.
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Objective To study the impairment and the expression of receptor of advanced glycation endproduct (RAGE) in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells ( GMC ) induced by constant and intermittent high glucose, and to investigate the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Methods After being cultured under constant and intermittent high glucose with different concentrations for 24 and 48 hours, the morphological changes of rat mesangial cells were observed, the proliferation of GMC was detected by MTT assay, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD)and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA)in supernatant were measured by spectrophotometer,and the expressions of RAGE mRNA were evaluated by RT-PCR. Results ( 1 ) Compared with the control group,the cellular morphology was changed in case of constant and intermittent high glucose. The damage of GMC with intermittent high glucose concentrations was more serious. (2)The activity of SOD was decreased and the level of MDA was raised in case of intermittent high glucose concentrations compared with the constant high glucose concentrations (P＜0.05). (3)The expression of RAGE mRNA with intermittent high glucose concentrations was significantly higher than that with constant high glucose concentrations ( P＜0. 01 ). Conclusions The damaging effects and increased expression of RAGE in cultured rat GMC induced by blood glucose fluctuation was much worse than that with constant high glucose. The blood glucose fluctuation may be one of the causes that induce diabetic nephropathy.
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A total of 169 patients with short-duration type 2 diabetic mellitus (DM) were divided into atherosclerosis (AS) group and non-AS group according to the intima-media thickness (IMT) of three conducting arteries.The level of serum amyloid A (SAA) was assayed by ELISA.The results showed that SAA level of type 2 DM patients increased significantly, patients in AS group showed higher SAA level than that in non-AS group, and SAA level was positively correlated with age, body mass index, waist hip ratio and IMT of common carotid artery.Age, C-reactive protein and SAA level are the major risk factors for IMT of common carotid artery.
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Objective To investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of mitochondrial tRNA Leu(UUR) gene at nucleotide 3243 A to G mutation in diabetic patients in Dalian District of China. Methods According to ADA(1997)/WHO(1999) diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus (DM), 629 patients with DM were screened by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment lenghth polymorphism. Genetic and clinical analyses were performed in unrelated patients with the mutation in mtDNA and their family members. Results Six unrelated subjects (probands) with the mutation were detected. Then 6 diabetes patients and 1 IGT from the first degree relatives of these 6 probands were also identified being with the mutation, in which 11 patients are associated with sensory hearing loss and 5 patients requires insulin therapy due to secondary failure to oral hypoglycemic agents. All these patients had lower weight, were younger at diagnosis and most of them were maternally inherited. Conclusion The mutation at nucleotide 3243 in the mitochondrial tRNA Leu(UUR) gene is an important cause of diabetes in Dalian District of China. Compared with the DM patients without the mutation, the clinical characteristics associated with this mutation are young at onset, non obese, maternally inherited and deafness, et al.
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150) was 29.6% in patients with AITD. The proteinuria in AITD may be due to immune complex glomerulonephritis.
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Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) gene polymorphism was assayed by PCR in 201 diabetic patients with various degress of albuminuria. The frequency of 3′-UTR 45 bp insertion/deletion genotypes of UCP2 gene in these diabetic patients does not show any significant difference.